. In 1799 Spain gave Louisiana back to France in exchange for the promise of a throne in central Italy Although the agreement was signed on October 1 1800 it did not go into effect until 1802 the following year Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States the original agreement between Spain and France had not explicitly specified the borders of Louisiana and the descriptions in the documents were ambiguous and contradictory the United States insisted that its purchase also included most of West Florida and all of Texas! Timber Meadows Difficulties with the Native Americans, 1.5 Recent history Colleges and universities Later when Spain established a route to the Indies from the west Portugal arranged a second treaty the Treaty of Zaragoza. In 1912 Joseph Jay Pastoriza introduced property tax reform to Houston the "Houston Single Tax Plan" was based on Georgist principles and redistributed property tax burden from owners of personal property and developed land to owners of undeveloped land While the Houston Plan was not a true single tax it re-weighted appraisals to 70 percent of unimproved land and 25 percent of developed land Personal property was exempt from local taxes according to this plan This continued for a few years until 1915 when two courts ruled the plan illegal according to the Texas Constitution Pastoriza continued to serve as Houston Tax Commissioner until 1917 when he became the first Mayor of Houston of Hispanic heritage He died after just three months in office.
In the 1870s white Democrats wrested power back in the state legislature from the biracial coalition at the end of Reconstruction in the early 20th century the legislature passed bills to impose poll taxes followed by white primaries; these measures effectively disfranchised most blacks poor whites and Mexican Americans in the 1890s 100,000 blacks voted in the state; by 1906 only 5,000 could vote. As a result the Democratic Party dominated Texas politics from the turn of the century imposing racial segregation and white supremacy it held power until after passage in the mid-1960s of national civil rights legislation enforcing constitutional rights of all citizens. 7.1 Primary and secondary schools Japanese prisoner-of-war camps many of which were used as labour camps also had high death rates the International Military Tribunal for the Far East found the death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1 per cent (for American POWs 37 per cent) seven times that of POWs under the Germans and Italians. While 37,583 prisoners from the UK 28,500 from the Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan the number of Chinese released was only 56. . The Museum of Fine Arts Bayou Bend is a 14-acre (5.7 ha) facility of the Museum of Fine Arts that houses one of America's most prominent collections of decorative art paintings and furniture Bayou Bend is the former home of Houston philanthropist Ima Hogg, 220 Occidental Petroleum The Bank of America Center is one of the first significant examples of postmodern architecture built in downtown Houston the building completed in 1984 and designed by Philip Johnson and partner John Burgee is reminiscent of the Dutch Gothic architecture of canal houses that were once common in the Netherlands the first section is 21 stories tall while the whole building reaches a height of 56 stories! Houston Texas Business Directory Source: After 1500: West and East Africa Asia and the Pacific Atheist 2; Vte General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines during the Battle of Leyte 20 October 1944, Other former governors of Texas:, Finance Main article: Politics of Houston. Houston Texas Business Directory In early June 1940 the Italian Regia aeronautica attacked and besieged Malta a British possession in late summer through early autumn Italy conquered British Somaliland and made an incursion into British-held Egypt in October Italy attacked Greece but the attack was repulsed with heavy Italian casualties; the campaign ended within days with minor territorial changes. Germany started preparation for an invasion of the Balkans to assist Italy to prevent the British from gaining a foothold there which would be a potential threat for Romanian oil fields and to strike against the British dominance of the Mediterranean.
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