. European conquistadors in the Americas made extensive use of crossbows with firearms becoming widespread only from the 1570s a scarcity of firearms did not prevent conquistadors to pioneer the use mounted arquebusiers an early form of dragoon in the 1540s Francisco de Carvajal's use of firearms in the Spanish civil war in Peru prefigured the volley fire technique that developed in Europe many decades after. . The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Lyndon B Johnson Space Center (NASA JSC) in Southeast Houston sits as the crown jewel of Texas's aeronautics industry Fort Worth hosts both Lockheed Martin's Aeronautics division and Bell Helicopter Textron. Lockheed builds the F-16 Fighting Falcon the largest Western fighter program and its successor the F-35 Lightning II in Fort Worth. Casualties and war crimes Long oceanic voyages led to larger ships "Nau" was the Portuguese archaic synonym for any large ship primarily merchant ships Due to the piracy that plagued the coasts they began to be used in the navy and were provided with cannon windows which led to the classification of "naus" according to the power of its artillery the carrack or nau was a three- or four-masted ship it had a high rounded stern with large aftcastle forecastle and bowsprit at the stem it was first used by the Portuguese and later by the Spanish They were also adapted to the increasing maritime trade They grew from 200 tons capacity in the 15th century to 500 in the 16th century they usually had two decks stern castles fore and aft two to four masts with overlapping sails in India travels in the sixteenth century used carracks large merchant ships with a high edge and three masts with square sails that reached 2,000 tons!
Houston has also been the site of numerous industrial disasters and construction accidents in 2019 OSHA found that Texas was the leading state in the nation for crane accidents in Houston a 2008 crane collapse at a refinery killed 4 people and injured 6 the crane that collapsed was one of the largest cranes in the nation possessing a 400-foot boom that can lift more than a million pounds. . Houston is located 165 miles (266 km) east of Austin 88 miles (142 km) west of the Louisiana border and 250 miles (400 km) south of Dallas the city has a total area of 637.4 square miles (1,651 km2); this comprises over 599.59 square miles (1,552.9 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) covered by water. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain and its vegetation is classified as Western Gulf coastal grasslands while further north it transitions into a subtropical jungle the Big Thicket Much of the city was built on forested land marshes swamp and are all still visible in surrounding areas.[citation needed] Flat terrain and extensive greenfield development have combined to worsen flooding. Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 150 feet (46 m) in elevation the city once relied on groundwater for its needs but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston the city owns surface water rights for 1.20 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day of groundwater, US 90.svg U.S Highway 90 Alternate Sports and outdoors. 2.1 Rivers Pollution, Two brass plates depicting a bearded Portuguese soldier before 1500 on top and Benin warriors at the bottom, 1990 saw the opening of Houston Intercontinental Airport's new 12-gate Mickey Leland International Airlines terminal named after the recently deceased Houston congressman in 1991 Sakowitz stores shut down; the Sakowitz brothers had brought their original store from Galveston to Houston in 1911 August 10 1991 saw a redrawing of districts for city council so that minority groups could be better represented in the city council 1993 saw the G8 visiting to discuss world issues and zoning was defeated for a third time by voters in November. Houston Texas Business Directory The 18-story Prudential Building designed by Kenneth Franzheim was constructed in 1952 in the Texas Medical Center the ground level walls of the Prudential Building were clad with deep red polished Texas granite; the upper floors on the northwest and northeast sides were clad in Texas limestone the southwest and southeast sides though were faced with full-height aluminum arrangements to "utilize solar rays and air circulation to effect economies in air conditioning." the building was the first local corporate high rise office building in Houston to be located outside of the central business district the Prudential Building was demolished January 8 2012. Military Tourist attractions in the Houston area include Space Center Houston and the original La Casida and Ninfa's Previous attractions included tours of the Houston Astrodome and Gilley's the Houston Bay Area and Galveston also have many other tourist attractions including a Schlitterbahn Water Park Kemah Boardwalk Moody Gardens beaches fishing pleasure boats and many local seafood restaurants the Houston Museum District Houston Theater District in Downtown and the Galleria are also heavily visited tourist attractions.[citation needed]. In 1901 the Democratic-dominated state legislature passed a bill requiring payment of a poll tax for voting which effectively disenfranchised most blacks and many poor whites and Latinos in addition the legislature established white primaries ensuring minorities were excluded from the formal political process the number of voters dropped dramatically and the Democrats crushed competition from the Republican and Populist parties the Socialist Party became the second-largest party in Texas after 1912 coinciding with a large socialist upsurge in the United States during fierce battles in the labor movement and the popularity of national heroes like Eugene V Debs the Socialists' popularity soon waned after their vilification by the United States government for their opposition to US involvement in World War I, Presidential elections results 11.3 Equipment and animals, Since 1911 Texas has led the nation in length of railroad miles within the state Texas railway length peaked in 1932 at 17,078 miles (27,484 km) but declined to 14,006 miles (22,540 km) by 2000 While the Railroad Commission of Texas originally regulated state railroads in 2005 the state reassigned these duties to TxDOT. .
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