The Tooth Doctor

While far from the major battlefields of the American Civil War Texas contributed large numbers of men and equipment to the rest of the Confederacy. Union troops briefly occupied the state's primary port Galveston Texas's border with Mexico was known as the "backdoor of the Confederacy" because trade occurred at the border bypassing the Union blockade the Confederacy repulsed all Union attempts to shut down this route but Texas's role as a supply state was marginalized in mid-1863 after the Union capture of the Mississippi River the final battle of the Civil War was fought near Brownsville Texas at Palmito Ranch with a Confederate victory. The Ladies Reading Group of Houston was a significant founder of the public library system in Houston Elizabeth Long the author of the 2003 book Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life wrote that Houston's "literary scene" contributes and draws upon the overall literary culture of Texas the University of Houston creative writing program opened in 1979 Long wrote that this program "has achieved a national reputation" in subsequent decades in 1985 the Ladies Reading Club had a 100th anniversary celebration; . . .

Mexico launched two small expeditions into Texas in 1842 the town of San Antonio was captured twice and Texans were defeated in battle in the Dawson massacre Despite these successes Mexico did not keep an occupying force in Texas and the republic survived the republic's inability to defend itself added momentum to Texas's eventual annexation into the United States! Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940 in August Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation Japan instituted harsh measures in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. Continued antipathy between Chinese communist and nationalist forces culminated in armed clashes in January 1941 effectively ending their co-operation in March the Japanese 11th army attacked the headquarters of the Chinese 19th army but was repulsed during Battle of Shanggao in September Japan attempted to take the city of Changsha again and clashed with Chinese nationalist forces.