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Advances were made in nearly every aspect of naval warfare most notably with aircraft carriers and submarines Although aeronautical warfare had relatively little success at the start of the war actions at Taranto Pearl Harbor and the Coral Sea established the carrier as the dominant capital ship in place of the battleship in the Atlantic escort carriers proved to be a vital part of Allied convoys increasing the effective protection radius and helping to close the Mid-Atlantic gap. Carriers were also more economical than battleships because of the relatively low cost of aircraft and their not requiring to be as heavily armoured. Submarines which had proved to be an effective weapon during the First World War were anticipated by all sides to be important in the second the British focused development on anti-submarine weaponry and tactics such as sonar and convoys while Germany focused on improving its offensive capability with designs such as the Type VII submarine and wolfpack tactics. Gradually improving Allied technologies such as the Leigh light hedgehog squid and homing torpedoes proved victorious over the German submarines.[citation needed]. ; On May 30 1922 George Hermann a millionaire donated land to the city that later became the Hermann Park September of the same year saw the start of the Houston Zoo the zoo was started when Houston schoolchildren bought two ostriches the zoo was later moved from Sam Houston Park to Hermann Park September 26 saw the first international-bound ship in the port During the Roaring Twenties more specifically 1927 the state highway to Houston was built Bus and truck operations also fell into swing Houston Junior College opened its doors that same year which later became the University of Houston August 1929 saw the entry of the first Sears into Houston Then Black Tuesday threw a devastating blow to the economy of the entire United States Houston's growth was much smaller but the city still grew Mexican Americans no longer found it as easy to obtain jobs yet several were successful by catering to the Anglo market in the city, Houston Texas Business Directory During much of the dispute with the United States governance of New Spain was in question in 1808 Napoleon forced the Spanish king to abdicate the throne and appointed Joseph Bonaparte as the new monarch a shadow government operated out of Cadiz during Joseph's reign. Revolutionaries within Mexico and the United States unsuccessfully combined to declare Texas and Mexico independent. .
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