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The Deep Ellum district within Dallas became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as the prime jazz and blues hotspot in the Southern United States the name Deep Ellum comes from local people pronouncing "Deep Elm" as "Deep Ellum". Artists such as Blind Lemon Jefferson Robert Johnson Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter and Bessie Smith played in early Deep Ellum clubs, 3.3 Treaties Mexican authorities became increasingly concerned about the stability of the region the colonies teetered at the brink of revolt in 1829 after Mexico abolished slavery in response President Anastasio Bustamante implemented the Laws of April 6 1830 which among other things prohibited further immigration to Texas from the United States increased taxes and reiterated the ban on slavery. Settlers simply circumvented or ignored the laws by 1834 an estimated 30,000 Anglos lived in Coahuila y Tejas compared to only 7,800 Mexican-born residents. By the end of 1835 almost 5,000 enslaved Africans and African Americans lived in Texas making up 13 percent of the non-Indian population, At least five million Chinese civilians from northern China and Manchukuo were enslaved between 1935 and 1941 by the East Asia Development Board or Koain for work in mines and war industries After 1942 the number reached 10 million in Java between 4 and 10 million romusha (Japanese: "manual labourers") were forced to work by the Japanese military About 270,000 of these Javanese labourers were sent to other Japanese-held areas in South East Asia and only 52,000 were repatriated to Java. Contents 9.1 Higher education On 3 September 1943 the Western Allies invaded the Italian mainland following Italy's armistice with the Allies. Germany with the help of fascists responded by disarming Italian forces that were in many places without superior orders seizing military control of Italian areas and creating a series of defensive lines. German special forces then rescued Mussolini who then soon established a new client state in German-occupied Italy named the Italian Social Republic causing an Italian civil war the Western Allies fought through several lines until reaching the main German defensive line in mid-November; . 1.5 Recent history German Irish and English Americans are the three largest European ancestry groups in Texas German Americans make up 11.3 percent of the population and number over 2.7 million members Irish Americans make up 8.2 percent of the population and number over 1.9 million members There are roughly 600,000 French Americans and 472,000 Italian Americans residing in Texas; these two ethnic groups make up 2.5 percent and 2.0 percent of the population respectively in the 1980 United States Census the largest ancestry group reported in Texas was English with 3,083,323 Texans citing they were of English or mostly English ancestry making them 27 percent of the state at the time. Their ancestry primarily goes back to the original thirteen colonies (the census of 1790 gives 48% of the population of English ancestry; together 12% Scots and Scots-Irish; 4.5% Irish South 90% were Protestant and 3% Welsh = 67.5% British; 13% were German Swiss Dutch and French Huguenots; 19% African-American Colin Bonwick the American Revolution 1991 p 254) and thus many of them today identify as "American" in ancestry though they are of predominantly British stock. There are nearly 200,000 Czech-Americans living in Texas the largest number of any state. See also: List of shopping malls in Texas Houston the most populous city in the Southern United States is located along the upper Texas Gulf Coast approximately 50 miles (80 km) northwest of the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston the city which is the ninth-largest in the United States by area covers 601.7 square miles (1,558 km2) of which 579.4 square miles (1,501 km2) or 96.3% is land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) or 3.7% is water; Energy Boom periods of the four major industries that built the early Texas economy 2010 Census Map of ethnic distribution in Houston 2010 U.S Census Each dot is 25 people: White Black Asian Hispanic or Other (yellow); . Main article: John F Kennedy Assassination Largest cities or towns in Texas.
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