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. Main article: Council of the Indies Advances were made in nearly every aspect of naval warfare most notably with aircraft carriers and submarines Although aeronautical warfare had relatively little success at the start of the war actions at Taranto Pearl Harbor and the Coral Sea established the carrier as the dominant capital ship in place of the battleship in the Atlantic escort carriers proved to be a vital part of Allied convoys increasing the effective protection radius and helping to close the Mid-Atlantic gap. Carriers were also more economical than battleships because of the relatively low cost of aircraft and their not requiring to be as heavily armoured. Submarines which had proved to be an effective weapon during the First World War were anticipated by all sides to be important in the second the British focused development on anti-submarine weaponry and tactics such as sonar and convoys while Germany focused on improving its offensive capability with designs such as the Type VII submarine and wolfpack tactics. Gradually improving Allied technologies such as the Leigh light hedgehog squid and homing torpedoes proved victorious over the German submarines.[citation needed], (21.6) 78.0 Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston the largest and longest-running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo held over 20 days from early to late March and is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Gay Pride Parade held at the end of June. Other notable annual events include the Houston Greek Festival Art Car Parade the Houston Auto Show the Houston International Festival and the Bayou City Art Festival which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States. Texas is the second-largest U.S state after Alaska with an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2) Though 10% larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size If it were an independent country Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile and Zambia, Houston has more than 1,000 computer-related companies. Since its inception in 1999 Houston Technology Center has become the center of technology entrepreneurship in Houston the center has helped more than 150 emerging technology companies raise more than $400 million in capital and create about 1,000 new jobs Information technology developed in Houston affects many entities including the region's traffic and emergency response efforts at Houston TranStar a centralized transportation management and regional emergency management center. 4.6 Earlier 20th century I-10 (TX).svg Interstate 10 a.k.a - Katy Freeway going West or Baytown East Freeway going East. 9 Tourism Snow in Southeast Texas Hedwig Village Cimarron Japanese prisoner-of-war camps many of which were used as labour camps also had high death rates the International Military Tribunal for the Far East found the death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1 per cent (for American POWs 37 per cent) seven times that of POWs under the Germans and Italians. While 37,583 prisoners from the UK 28,500 from the Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan the number of Chinese released was only 56.

1 Real estate and corporate location Temperature wise the city (and much of Southeast Texas) has four distinct seasons (Summer Spring Fall Winter) but weather wise the city has only two seasons (rainy and dry) the wet season lasts from April/May to September/October the dry season lasts from November/December to March/April However during El Nino or La Nina years the wet and dry season can often either last longer than usual or be delayed. One Shell Plaza and Two Shell Plaza were completed in 1971 One Shell Plaza was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River, 11 Transportation Forest Whitaker Longview Gregg County, San Jacinto The Texas Ignition Interlock Law went into effect during September 2015 This law requires judges to order ignition interlocks for all drunk-drivers with a Blood Alcohol Level of 0.15% or greater. Since the passing of this law the drunk driving related death rate in Texas has decreased by 8.5%; The Houston Office of Protocol and International Affairs is the city's liaison to Houston's sister cities and to the national governing organization Sister Cities International Through their official city-to-city relationships these volunteer associations promote people-to-people diplomacy and encourage citizens to develop mutual trust and understanding through commercial cultural educational and humanitarian exchanges. "Welcome to Texas" road sign I-610 (TX).svg Interstate 610 a.k.a - North Loop Freeway north of downtown Houston or West Loop Freeway west of downtown Houston or South Loop Freeway south of downtown Houston or East Loop Freeway east of downtown Houston. Difficulties with the Native Americans Golden Triangle, The tallest structure in Uptown Houston is the 901-foot (275 m) tall Philip Johnson-designed landmark Williams Tower (formerly "Transco Tower") which was constructed in 1983. At the time it was to be the world's tallest skyscraper outside of a city's central business district the building is topped with a rotating spot light that constantly searches the horizon. Williams Tower was named "Skyscraper of the Century" in the December 1999 issue of Texas Monthly magazine! Employment Houston Texas Business Directory Evel Knievel jumped 13 cars two nights in a row drawing over 100,000 spectators to the Astrodome in January 1971 and though there was talk of him making an actual jump over the stadium itself sometime in the future it never happened, Spanish troops reacted harshly looting the province and executing any Tejanos accused of having Republican tendencies by 1820 fewer than 2,000 Hispanic citizens remained in Texas the situation did not normalize until 1821 when Agustin de Iturbide launched a drive for Mexican Independence Texas became a part of the newly independent nation without a shot being fired ending the period of Spanish Texas. Texas racial breakdown of population State government; Wikisource has original text related to this article: The state's two most widely recognized flagship universities are the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University ranked as the 52nd and 69th best universities in the nation according to the 2014 edition of U.S News & World Report's "Best Colleges" respectively Some observers also include the University of Houston and Texas Tech University as tier one flagships alongside UT Austin and A&M the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) ranks the state's public universities into three distinct tiers:. Deep East Texas is a sub-region of East Texas According to the Deep East Texas Council of Governments the region consists of the following twelve counties: Angelina Houston Jasper Nacogdoches Newton Polk Sabine San Augustine San Jacinto Shelby Trinity and Tyler.