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. The 1st Congress of the Republic of Texas convened in October 1836 at Columbia (now West Columbia) it overturned the Mexican prohibition of slavery although it allowed slaveholders to free their slaves if they desired Stephen F Austin known as the Father of Texas died December 27 1836 after serving two months as Secretary of State for the new Republic in 1836 five sites served as temporary capitals of Texas (Washington-on-the-Brazos Harrisburg Galveston Velasco and Columbia) before President Sam Houston moved the capital to Houston in 1837 in 1839 the capital was moved to the new town of Austin by the next president Mirabeau B Lamar! The Nichols-Rice-Cherry House (which was moved from San Jacinto Street) is also located in Sam Houston Park it is an example of Greek Revival architecture and was built about 1850 by Ebeneezer B Nichols from New York. Between 1856 and 1873 it was owned by financier William Marsh Rice whose estate helped create Rice Institute (now Rice University) in 1912! . !

! Rice University located near the Museum District and Texas Medical Center is a private tier-one research university and the most selective institution of higher education in Texas, Main article: French colonization of Texas, Petrochemicals Occurrences of freezing rain also known as ice storms are more common than snow in Houston Some of the most recent ice storms occurred in 1997 2007 February 4 2011 and January 16 2018 an overnight event occurred from January 23 2014 to January 24 another significant icing occurred a few days later on January 28 and a third event took place on March 4 These storms can be very disruptive since road crews are not equipped to handle such rare events over the city's expansive size. When ice occurs roads and schools are usually closed the city's Office of Emergency Management encourages driver's to "avoid driving unless absolutely necessary. if roadways are at risk of icing." Typically such ice storms affect mainly the northern/western areas of the metro while the southern/eastern areas are left with just cold rain the ice storm that occurred on January 16 2018 started as cold rain for several hours before changing to a wintry mix and then eventually sleet and snow Temperatures started in the low-mid 30s and quickly dropped to the 20s in the afternoon and before dipping into the teens by the evening/overnight hours which caused all the rain to turn to ice accumulating a thickness up to 1' on some roads bridges overpasses making it one of the worst winter storms in the history of the state. During World War II the main universities like University of Texas and Texas A&M University gained a new national role the wartime financing of university research curricular change campus trainee programs and postwar veteran enrollments changed the tenor and allowed Texas schools to gain national stature, The cattle industry continued to thrive though it gradually became less profitable Cotton and lumber became major industries creating new economic booms in various regions of the state Railroad networks grew rapidly as did the port at Galveston as commerce between Texas and the rest of the U.S (and the rest of the world) expanded As with some other states before the lumber industry quickly decimated the forests of Texas such that by the early 20th century the majority of the forest population in Texas was gone (later conservation efforts restored some of it but never to the level it once was); .