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Boom periods of the four major industries that built the early Texas economy. Languages Texans in 1909 marked an icon of progress with the construction of the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi the 190-foot steel-frame skyscraper was the 14-story Praetorian Building housing the Praetorian Insurance Company Dallas became the regional headquarters of the Federal Reserve in 1914 strengthening its dominance of Texas banking the city had reached 260,000 population by 1929 when the effects of the Stock Market Crash hit Texas causing a sharp drop in the prices of oil cotton and cattle; growth came to a standstill, In 1912 Joseph Jay Pastoriza introduced property tax reform to Houston the "Houston Single Tax Plan" was based on Georgist principles and redistributed property tax burden from owners of personal property and developed land to owners of undeveloped land While the Houston Plan was not a true single tax it re-weighted appraisals to 70 percent of unimproved land and 25 percent of developed land Personal property was exempt from local taxes according to this plan This continued for a few years until 1915 when two courts ruled the plan illegal according to the Texas Constitution Pastoriza continued to serve as Houston Tax Commissioner until 1917 when he became the first Mayor of Houston of Hispanic heritage He died after just three months in office, 2 Geography The sedimentary layers underneath Houston ultimately extend down some 60,000 feet (18,000 m) with the oldest beds deposited during the Cretaceous. Between 30,000 feet (9,100 m) and 40,000 feet (12,000 m) below the surface is a layer of salt the primary source of salt domes which dot the metropolitan area. Since salt is more buoyant than other sediments it rises to the surface creating domes and anticlines and causing subsidence due to its removal from its original strata. These structures manage to capture oil and gas as it percolates through the subsurface; Pierce Junction is a notable example of a heavily drilled salt dome oil field in Houston. .

The Bank of America Center is one of the first significant examples of postmodern architecture built in downtown Houston the building completed in 1984 and designed by Philip Johnson and partner John Burgee is reminiscent of the Dutch Gothic architecture of canal houses that were once common in the Netherlands the first section is 21 stories tall while the whole building reaches a height of 56 stories. . . Under orders from Smith Houston successfully dissuaded all but 70 men from continuing to follow Johnson. With his own authority in question following Smith's impeachment Houston washed his hands of the army and journeyed to Nacogdoches to negotiate a treaty with Cherokee leaders Houston vowed that Texas would recognize Cherokee claims to land in East Texas as long as the Indians refrained from attacking settlements or assisting the Mexican army in his absence Fannin as the highest-ranking officer active in the regular army led the men who did not want to go to Matamoros to Goliad; .