. December 24 snowstorm shown on satellite Main article: Transportation in Texas Houston Texas Business Directory. Flags of the six nations that have had sovereignty over some or all of the current territory of Texas. . 4 Higher education The city controller is elected independently of the mayor and council the controller's duties are to certify available funds prior to committing such funds and processing disbursements the city's fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30 Chris Brown is the city controller serving his first term as of January 2016. The Trust for America's Health ranked Texas 15th highest in adult obesity with 27.2 percent of the state's population measured as obese the 2008 Men's Health obesity survey ranked four Texas cities among the top 25 fattest cities in America; Houston ranked 6th Dallas 7th El Paso 8th and Arlington 14th. Texas had only one city Austin ranked 21st in the top 25 among the "fittest cities" in America the same survey has evaluated the state's obesity initiatives favorably with a "B+" the state is ranked forty-second in the percentage of residents who engage in regular exercise, The ship that truly launched the first phase of the discoveries along the African coast was the Portuguese caravel Iberians quickly adopted it for their merchant navy it was a development based on African fishing boats They were agile and easier to navigate with a tonnage of 50 to 160 tons and one to three masts with lateen triangular sails allowing luffing the caravel particularly benefited from a greater capacity to tack the limited capacity for cargo and crew were their main drawbacks but have not hindered its success Limited crew and cargo space was acceptable initially because as exploratory ships their "cargo" was what was in the explorer's discoveries about a new territory which only took up the space of one person. Among the famous caravels are Berrio and Caravela Annunciation Columbus also used them in his travels, In 1940 Houston was a city of 400,000 population dependent on shipping and oil the war dramatically expanded the city's economic base thanks to massive federal spending Energetic entrepreneurs most notably George Brown James Elkins and James Abercrombie landed hundreds of millions of dollars in federal wartime investment in technologically complex facilities Houston oil companies moved from being mere refiners and became sophisticated producers of petrochemicals Especially important were synthetic rubber and high octane fuel which retained their importance after the war the war moved the natural gas industry from a minor factor to a major energy source; Houston became a major hub when a local firm purchased the federally-financed Inch pipelines Other major growth industries included steel munitions and shipbuilding Tens of thousands of new migrants streamed in from rural areas straining the city's housing supply and the city's ability to provide local transit and schools For the first time high paying jobs went to large numbers of women blacks and Mexican Americans the city's African American community emboldened by their newfound prosperity became a hotbed of civil rights agitation; the Smith v Allwright Supreme Court decision on voting rights was backed and funded by local blacks in this period.[page needed]. I-45 (TX).svg Interstate 45 a.k.a - North Freeway going North or Gulf Freeway going South, The Portuguese assimilated some of the native tribes while others were enslaved or exterminated in long wars or by European diseases to which they had no immunity. By the mid-16th century sugar had become Brazil's most important export and the Portuguese imported African slaves to produce it!
. . In Houston for 2018 Texas is the second-largest U.S state after Alaska with an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2) Though 10% larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size If it were an independent country Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile and Zambia. When World War II started tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however the war did provide economic benefits for the city Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field initially built during World War I was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators the Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S Navy during World War II Due to the boom in defense jobs thousands of new workers migrated to the city both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs President Roosevelt had established a policy of nondiscrimination for defense contractors and blacks gained some opportunities especially in shipbuilding although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years, The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo came in 1932 in 1934 Houston Junior College became a four-year institution and changed its name to the University of Houston a flood in 1935 suddenly turned conditions for the worst and Houstonians were forced to clean up the mess Air service by Braniff Airways and Eastern Air Lines came in 1935 and 1936 By the end of the decade Houston was encountering growth pains as the city had inadequate air service and that it was no longer a frontier town Houston became the largest city in Texas in terms of population in 1939 Many immigrants and African-Americans from Louisiana and other parts of Texas moved to the city to find education or work the city obtained a very multicultural atmosphere with large African-American and immigrant communities scattered about However African-Americans faced bad housing and poor jobs during this time period Nevertheless African-American society developed so much that the city was and still is the African-American capital of Texas the University of Houston moved to its present-day location donated by the Cullen family off of what would later be the first freeway in Houston U.S Highway 75 (now called Interstate 45) or Gulf Freeway.
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