On May 29 2018 the dome received a Texas State Historical Marker from the Texas Historical Commission, The second president of the Republic of Texas Mirabeau B Lamar is the Father of Texas Education During his term the state set aside three leagues of land in each county for equipping public schools an additional 50 leagues of land set aside for the support of two universities would later become the basis of the state's Permanent University Fund. Lamar's actions set the foundation for a Texas-wide public school system. Between 2006 and 2007 Texas spent $7,275 per pupil ranking it below the national average of $9,389 the pupil/teacher ratio was 14.9 below the national average of 15.3 Texas paid instructors $41,744 below the national average of $46,593 the Texas Education Agency (TEA) administers the state's public school systems Texas has over 1,000 school districts; all districts except the Stafford Municipal School District are independent from municipal government and many cross city boundaries. School districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property Due to court-mandated equitable school financing for school districts the state has a controversial tax redistribution system called the "Robin Hood plan" This plan transfers property tax revenue from wealthy school districts to poor ones the TEA has no authority over private or home school activities, The revolution began in October 1835 after a decade of political and cultural clashes between the Mexican government and the increasingly large population of American settlers in Texas the Mexican government had become increasingly centralized and the rights of its citizens had become increasingly curtailed particularly regarding immigration from the United States Colonists and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of 1824 While delegates at the Consultation (provisional government) debated the war's motives Texians and a flood of volunteers from the United States defeated the small garrisons of Mexican soldiers by mid-December 1835 the Consultation declined to declare independence and installed an interim government whose infighting led to political paralysis and a dearth of effective governance in Texas an ill-conceived proposal to invade Matamoros siphoned much-needed volunteers and provisions from the fledgling Texian Army in March 1836 a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas. . 6.3 Aerospace When World War II started tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however the war did provide economic benefits for the city Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field initially built during World War I was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators the Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S Navy during World War II Due to the boom in defense jobs thousands of new workers migrated to the city both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs President Roosevelt had established a policy of nondiscrimination for defense contractors and blacks gained some opportunities especially in shipbuilding although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years. . Human infections gained worldwide transmission vectors for the first time: from Africa and Eurasia to the Americas and vice versa the spread of old-world diseases including smallpox flu and typhus led to the deaths of many indigenous inhabitants of the New World.
. Main article: List of ports in the United States (25.8) Besides the county judge and commissioners the other elective offices found in most counties include the county attorney county and district clerks county treasurer sheriff tax assessor-collector justices of the peace and constables As a part of the checks and balances system counties have an auditor appointed by the district courts. Houston's reputation as a mature center for classical music is the product of more than a century of dedication and community support the Houston Symphony (founded in 1913) is the largest and best-known of the city's professional orchestras but they are hardly the only option Other significant orchestras include Mercury Houston Ars Lyrica and the River Oaks Chamber Orchestra as well as outstanding academic orchestras at the Rice University Shepherd School of Music and the University of Houston Moores School of Music (home to the 800-seat Moores Opera House), In 2013 Allen Turner of the Houston Chronicle said that residents of Harris County were "consistently conservative in elections" and that they were according to a Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research opinion poll "surprisingly liberal on topics such as immigration gun control and equal matrimonial rights for same-sex couples". Harris is regarded as a moderate or swing county in Texas and has been a bellwether in Presidential elections voting for winners of every Presidential election from 2000 through 2012 (both Barack Obama and Texas resident George W Bush have won the county); . . Mexican authorities blamed the loss of Texas on United States intervention. Although the United States remained officially neutral 40 percent of the men who enlisted in the Texian army from October 1 through April 21 arrived from the United States after hostilities began. More than 200 of the volunteers were members of the United States Army; none were punished when they returned to their posts. American individuals also provided supplies and money to the cause of Texian independence. For the next decade Mexican politicians frequently denounced the United States for the involvement of its citizens.
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