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Texas Convention of 1836, (39) 106 Much of Texas politics of the remainder of the 19th century centered on land use Guided by the federal Morill Act Texas sold public lands to gain funds to invest in higher education in 1876 the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas opened and seven years later the University of Texas at Austin began conducting classes. 15 John Whitmire Democratic 1983 Northwest Houston Bush IAH southern portion of Humble eastern Harris County Texas's controversial alternative affirmative action plan Texas House Bill 588 guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities the bill encourages demographic diversity while avoiding problems stemming from the Hopwood v Texas (1996) case. Hispanics and Latinos are the second-largest group in Texas after non-Hispanic European Americans Over 8.5 million people claim Hispanic or Latino ethnicity This group forms over 37 percent of Texas's population People of Mexican descent alone number over 7.9 million and make up 31.6 percent of the population the vast majority of the Hispanic/Latino population in the state is of Mexican descent the next two largest groups are Salvadorans and Puerto Ricans There are over 222,000 Salvadorans and over 130,000 Puerto Ricans in Texas Other groups with large numbers in Texas include Hondurans Guatemalans Nicaraguans and Cubans among others the Hispanics in Texas are more likely than in some other states (such as California) to identify as white; according to the 2010 U.S Census Texas is home to 6,304,207 White Hispanics and 2,594,206 Hispanics of "some other race" (usually mestizo), Ironically the Astrodome suffered a rainout on June 15 1976 the Astros' scheduled game against the Pittsburgh Pirates was called when massive flooding in the Houston area prevented all but a few fans from reaching the stadium Both teams had arrived early for practice but the umpires were several hours late at 5pm that day with only a handful of fans on hand and already several hours behind the umpires and teams agreed to call the game off Tables were brought onto the field and the teams ate dinner together. Although the Astros still had a home series with Pittsburgh in August this game was made up in Pittsburgh in July! . When civil war broke out in Spain Hitler and Mussolini lent military support to the Nationalist rebels led by General Francisco Franco Italy supported the Nationalists to a greater extent than the Nazis did: altogether Mussolini sent to Spain more than 70,000 ground troops and 6,000 aviation personnel as well as about 720 aircraft the Soviet Union supported the existing government the Spanish Republic Over 30,000 foreign volunteers known as the International Brigades also fought against the Nationalists Both Germany and the Soviet Union used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics the Nationalists won the civil war in April 1939; Franco now dictator remained officially neutral during World War II but generally favoured the Axis. His greatest collaboration with Germany was the sending of volunteers to fight on the Eastern Front! Aftermath The gold brought home from Guinea stimulated the commercial energy of the Portuguese and its European neighbours especially Spain Apart from their religious and scientific aspects these voyages of discovery were highly profitable.

An oil well Carla (1961) (41) 104 From 1950 through the 1960s Texas modernized and dramatically expanded its system of higher education Under the leadership of Governor Connally the state produced a long-range plan for higher education a more rational distribution of resources and a central state apparatus that managed state institutions with greater efficiency Because of these changes Texas universities received federal funds for research and development during the John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson administrations. In 2013 Houston was identified as the number one U.S city for job creation by the U.S Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn but also after the crash more than two jobs were added for every one lost Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes Furthermore Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010 and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low. Also in 2013 Houston again appeared on Forbes' list of "Best Places for Business and Careers".