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; 6.2 Republic of Texas, In 2009 the U.S Department of Homeland Security estimated 1.68 million illegal immigrants lived in Texas. While the number of illegal immigrants living in the U.S has declined since 2009 in Texas there was no change in population between 2009 and 2014.

Hockley Main article: Education in Houston 3.4 Winter storms. Cinco Ranch (mostly in Fort Bend County), In 1540 expeditions under Hernando de Alarcon and Melchior Diaz visited the area of Yuma and immediately saw the natural crossing of the Colorado River from Mexico to California by land as an ideal spot for a city as the Colorado River narrows to slightly under 1000 feet wide in one small point Later military expeditions that crossed the Colorado River at the Yuma Crossing include Juan Bautista de Anza (1774). School Trustee Pct 1 Pos 6 Erica Lee Democratic In 2013 Houston was identified as the #1 U.S city for job creation by the U.S Bureau of Statistics after it was not only the first major city to regain all the jobs lost in the preceding economic downturn but after the crash more than two jobs were added for every one lost Economist and vice president of research at the Greater Houston Partnership Patrick Jankowski attributed Houston's success to the ability of the region's real estate and energy industries to learn from historical mistakes Furthermore Jankowski stated that "more than 100 foreign-owned companies relocated expanded or started new businesses in Houston" between 2008 and 2010 and this openness to external business boosted job creation during a period when domestic demand was problematically low. . A birth is considered preterm when it takes place more than 3 weeks before the estimated due date. Preterm birth rates in Texas are consistently higher than the nationwide rate in 2016 10.4% of live births in Texas were preterm the rate for Black mothers specifically was elevated - 13.6%. Numerous factors have been associated with premature birth including lack of prenatal care race obesity smoking and even air pollution, By 1860 Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont During the American Civil War Houston served as a headquarters for General John Magruder who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between Downtown and the nearby port of Galveston by 1890 Houston was the railroad center of Texas, Texas's population density is 90.5 people per square mile (34.9/km2) which is slightly higher than the average population density of the U.S as a whole at 80.6 people per square mile (31.1/km2) in contrast while Texas and France are similarly sized geographically the European country has a population density of 301.8 people per square mile (116.5/km2).