On 8 September German troops reached the suburbs of Warsaw the Polish counter offensive to the west halted the German advance for several days but it was outflanked and encircled by the Wehrmacht Remnants of the Polish army broke through to besieged Warsaw on 17 September 1939 after signing a cease-fire with Japan the Soviets invaded Eastern Poland under a pretext that the Polish state had ostensibly ceased to exist on 27 September the Warsaw garrison surrendered to the Germans and the last large operational unit of the Polish Army surrendered on 6 October Despite the military defeat Poland never surrendered; instead it formed the Polish government-in-exile and a clandestine state apparatus remained in occupied Poland a significant part of Polish military personnel evacuated to Romania and the Baltic countries; many of them would fight against the Axis in other theatres of the war. . Prior to the mid-20th century Texas was essentially a one-party state and the Democratic primary was viewed as "the real election" the Democratic Party had conservative and liberal factions which became more pronounced after the New Deal. Additionally several factions of the party briefly split during the 1930s and 40s. New land use policies drafted during the administration of Governor John Ireland enabled individuals to accumulate land leading to the formation of large cattle ranches Many ranchers ran barbed wire around public lands to protect their access to water and free grazing This caused several range wars. Governor Lawrence Sullivan Ross guided the Texas Legislature to reform the land use policies. In the mid-to-late 1930s Japanese forces in Manchukuo had sporadic border clashes with the Soviet Union and Mongolia the Japanese doctrine of Hokushin-ron which emphasised Japan's expansion northward was favoured by the Imperial Army during this time With the Japanese defeat at Khalkin Gol in 1939 the ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War and ally Nazi Germany pursuing neutrality with the Soviets this policy would prove difficult to maintain Japan and the Soviet Union eventually signed a Neutrality Pact in April 1941 and Japan adopted the doctrine of Nanshin-ron promoted by the Navy which took its focus southward eventually leading to its war with the United States and the Western Allies. Many Mexican soldiers retreated through the marsh to Peggy Lake.[Note 15] Texian riflemen stationed themselves on the banks and shot at anything that moved Many Texian officers including Houston and Rusk attempted to stop the slaughter but they were unable to gain control of the men Texians continued to chant "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" while frightened Mexican infantry yelled "Me no Alamo!" and begged for mercy to no avail in what historian Davis called "one of the most one-sided victories in history" 650 Mexican soldiers were killed and 300 captured. Eleven Texians died with 30 others including Houston wounded. Texas 3.svg State Highway 3 The French flag of the Bourbons The current Texas Constitution was adopted in 1876 Like many states it explicitly provides for a separation of powers the state's Bill of Rights is much larger than its federal counterpart and has provisions unique to Texas. The American researcher H.F Dobyns said that 95% of the total population of the Americas died in the first 130 years and that 90% of the population of the Inca Empire died in epidemics. Cook and Borah of the University of California at Berkeley believe that the indigenous population in Mexico declined from 25.2 million in 1518 to 700,000 people in 1623 less than 3% of the original population, Historically Harris County voted Republican at the presidential level from the mid-20th century until 2008; Barack Obama was the first Democrat to win the county since Texas native Lyndon Johnson in 1964 Democratic strength is found in the city of Houston Suburban areas such as Cypress Spring and Katy in the county's western and northern areas tend to be strongly Republican in 2016 Hillary Clinton won the county by the largest margin for a Democrat since 1964 the Democratic Party performed very strongly in the county during the 2018 elections.
In total 34.2% (7,660,406) of Texas's population aged five and older spoke a language at home other than English, The 2003 Texas redistricting of Congressional districts led by Republican Tom DeLay was called by the New York Times "an extreme case of partisan gerrymandering" a group of Democratic legislators the "Texas Eleven" fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting but was unsuccessful the state had already redistricted following the 2000 census Despite these efforts the legislature passed a map heavily in favor of Republicans based on 2000 data and ignoring the estimated nearly one million new residents in the state since that date Career attorneys and analysts at the Department of Justice objected to the plan as diluting the votes of African American and Hispanic voters but political appointees overrode them and approved it. Legal challenges to the redistricting reached the national Supreme Court in the case League of United Latin American Citizens v Perry (2006) but the court ruled in favor of the state (and Republicans), Mission Concepcion is one of the San Antonio missions which is part of a National Historic Landmark. At least five million Chinese civilians from northern China and Manchukuo were enslaved between 1935 and 1941 by the East Asia Development Board or Koain for work in mines and war industries After 1942 the number reached 10 million in Java between 4 and 10 million romusha (Japanese: "manual labourers") were forced to work by the Japanese military About 270,000 of these Javanese labourers were sent to other Japanese-held areas in South East Asia and only 52,000 were repatriated to Java, Hofheinz had an opulent apartment in the Dome which was removed when the facility was remodeled in 1988. . .
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