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Governor Lawrence Sullivan Ross had to personally intervene to resolve the Jaybird-Woodpecker War (1888-1889) among factions of Democrats in Fort Bend County; at bottom it was a racial conflict the majority population was black by a large margin and had been electing county officers for 20 years But the white elite Democrats wanted their own people in power Conflict became violent and the Jaybirds ordered several blacks out of town Tensions increased and a total of seven people were killed in the fall of 1889 the Democratic Party created "white-only pre-primary elections," which in practice were the only competitive contests in the county and thus disenfranchised the blacks This situation lasted until the US Supreme Court ruling in Terry v Adams (1953) declared it unconstitutional in the last of the white primary cases. With its capacity for aggressive action greatly diminished as a result of the Midway battle Japan chose to focus on a belated attempt to capture Port Moresby by an overland campaign in the Territory of Papua the Americans planned a counter-attack against Japanese positions in the southern Solomon Islands primarily Guadalcanal as a first step towards capturing Rabaul the main Japanese base in Southeast Asia. Main articles: German-occupied Europe Resistance during World War II Collaboration with the Axis Powers and Nazi plunder After a failed attempt to convince Spanish authorities to reestablish missions in Texas in 1711 Franciscan missionary Francisco Hidalgo approached the French governor of Louisiana for help the French governor sent representatives to meet with Hidalgo This concerned Spanish authorities who ordered the reoccupation of Texas as a buffer between New Spain and French settlements in Louisiana in 1716 four missions and a presidio were established in East Texas Accompanying the soldiers were the first recorded female settlers in Spanish Texas. ; . One Shell Plaza and Two Shell Plaza were completed in 1971 One Shell Plaza was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River Bustamante outlawed the immigration of United States citizens to Texas in 1830. Several new presidios were established in the region to monitor immigration and customs practices the new laws also called for the enforcement of customs duties angering both native Mexican citizens (Tejanos) and Anglos in 1832 a group of men led a revolt against customs enforcement in Anahuac These Anahuac Disturbances coincided with a revolt in Mexico against the current president. Texans sided with the federalists against the current government and after the Battle of Nacogdoches drove all Mexican soldiers out of East Texas. .

Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston the largest and longest-running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo held over 20 days from early to late March and is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Gay Pride Parade held at the end of June. Other notable annual events include the Houston Greek Festival Art Car Parade the Houston Auto Show the Houston International Festival and the Bayou City Art Festival which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States. Sissy Spacek Quitman Wood County The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel the Port of Houston in the United States the port ranks first in international commerce and 10th among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil gas and products pipelines. In addition the Chapel of St Basil on the nearby campus of the University of St Thomas is a work of art designed by Philip Johnson that has won many awards for its architecture the Chapel which was built in 1997 contrasts with all of the other buildings on campus as it is made of white stucco and black granite rather than rose-colored brick It is also composed of three geometric forms: the cube the sphere and the plane the cube makes up the majority of the building including the main seating area while a golden semi-sphere dome covered with 23.5 karat gold leaf rises high above the cube the granite plane bisects the cube and opens the chapel to light the cube and plane interplay with the dome creating a sense that the dome is not a cover for the Chapel but rather an opening to the heavens.