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. Texas Senate (31.7) 80.8 During the late 1970s Houston had a population boom as people from the Rust Belt states moved to Texas in large numbers the new residents came for numerous employment opportunities in the petroleum industry created as a result of the Arab oil embargo With the increase in professional jobs Houston has become a destination for many college-educated persons most recently including African Americans in a reverse Great Migration from northern areas, Intensified migration to Texas after statehood raised the population to about 150,000 Societies such as the Texas Emigration and Land Company now pledged to settle colonists who would agree to constitute a militia for defense against the Indians; in return they would receive a grant of 320 acres of choice land Most of the newcomers continued to migrate from the states of the lower South; slavery was granted legal protection by the Texas constitution of 1845 the Texas population by 1860 was quite diverse with large elements of European whites (from the American South) African Americans (mostly slaves brought from the east) Tejanos (Hispanics with Spanish heritage) and about 20,000 recent German immigrants. 138 Dwayne Bohac Republican 2002 Northwest Houston and parts of the Memorial/Spring Branch area north of I-10 Addicks Reservoir In contrast to the cities unincorporated rural settlements known as colonias often lack basic infrastructure and are marked by poverty the office of the Texas Attorney General stated in 2011 that Texas had about 2,294 colonias and estimates about 500,000 lived in the colonias Hidalgo County as of 2011 has the largest number of colonias. Texas has the largest number of people of all states living in colonias.

Lumber became a large part of the port's exports with merchandise as its chief import the Houston Post was established in 1880 the Houston Chronicle followed on August 23 of that year Former U S President Ulysses Grant came to Houston to celebrate the opening of the Union Station which had rail links with New Orleans Fifth Ward residents threatened to secede from Houston because they felt they already had been separated an iron drawbridge built in 1883 pacified them and they did not secede in 1887 the Sisters of Charity of the Incarnate Word established a hospital that would become St Joseph Hospital, The major environmental threats to the Gulf are agricultural runoff and oil drilling, US Marines during the Guadalcanal Campaign in the Pacific theatre 1942. 10.6 Medical research Nichols-Rice-Cherry House located in Sam Houston Park, Republican John Kasich[a] Carly Fiorina[a] 0 0.0% 1 In the aftermath of the Galveston disaster action proceeded on building the Houston Ship Channel to create a more protected inland port Houston quickly grew once the Channel was completed and rapidly became the primary port in Texas Railroads were constructed in a radial pattern to link Houston with other major cities such as Dallas-Fort Worth San Antonio and Austin. 6.1 Military In August 2005 Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina. One month later about 2.5 million Houston-area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast leaving little damage to the Houston area This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States in September 2008 Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike As many as 40% of residents refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the type of traffic problems that had happened after Hurricane Rita.