. The Praetorian Building in Dallas completed 1909 was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and the tallest in Texas.
The late Paleozoic mountains collapsed as rifting in the Jurassic period began to open the Gulf of Mexico Pangea began to break up in the Triassic but seafloor spreading to form the Gulf of Mexico occurred only in the mid and late Jurassic the shoreline shifted again to the eastern margin of the state and the Gulf of Mexico passive margin began to form Today 9 to 12 miles (14 to 19 km) of sediments are buried beneath the Texas continental shelf and a large proportion of remaining US oil reserves are here At the start of its formation the incipient Gulf of Mexico basin was restricted and seawater often evaporated completely to form thick evaporite deposits of Jurassic age These salt deposits formed salt dome diapirs and are found in East Texas along the Gulf coast. . Main article: Transportation in Texas, Civil war monument in Galveston Texas. . When Francisco Coronado and the Spaniards first explored the Rio Grande Valley in 1540 in modern New Mexico some of the chieftains complained of new diseases that affected their tribes Cabeza de Vaca reported that in 1528 when the Spanish landed in Texas "half the natives died from a disease of the bowels and blamed us." When the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Incan empire a large portion of the population had already died in a smallpox epidemic the first epidemic was recorded in 1529 and killed the emperor Huayna Capac the father of Atahualpa Further epidemics of smallpox broke out in 1533 1535 1558 and 1565 as well as typhus in 1546 influenza in 1558 diphtheria in 1614 and measles in 1618.:133. . .
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